Church in DR Congo responds to Ebola

Opening of the workshop in Goma.
Photo credit: Dechartes Lwanga, Eglise Anglicane au Congo

The Church in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is working to further build its capacity to respond to the Ebola epidemic, which is devastating communities in the north east of the country. A Training of Trainers workshop took place in Goma at the end of October to equip church leaders in the use of the newly created manual “La foi en temps d’Ebola / Imani wakati wa Ebola” (“Faith in a time of Ebola”). Churches are keen to be more engaged with their communities in fighting Ebola and this illustrated, practical and Bible-based manual has been developed to resource church leaders to do so more confidently.

Participants in the three-day workshop came from different denominations and included women, youth and the Anglican Service Medicale. It was hosted by Bishop Desire Makanirwa, the Anglican Bishop of Goma, with support from Tearfund, Episcopal Relief & Development and other Anglican partners.
Archbishop Masimango, Archbishop of the Congo and Bishop of Kindu, opened the workshop together with the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Most Revd Justin Welby.

Speaking of the purpose of his visit to DRC, Archbishop Welby said, “We have come to support the Anglican Church for their outstanding work and the other churches that have been courageous and ready to help in the response to Ebola”.

Bishop Michael Beasley, an epidemiologist and one of the training manual’s creators, was at the workshop. He said, “‘Faith in a time of Ebola’ has brought together leaders of churches and church organisations from different denominations and faiths and from all parts of Congo”. He added, “With inputs from medicine and theology the workshop has enabled those taking part to think how to help the communities they serve to move from fear to hope, to join in efforts to prevent and manage infections, to communicate clearly and effectively about the epidemic and to support and care for those who have survived infection and to combat stigma. Planning is taking place to decide how best to roll out a faith-based approach to Ebola throughout the country”.

Reverend Jean Claude Ngango, the Coordinator of the Health Service in the Anglican Diocese of Beni, explained the significance of the training saying, “The workshop was very beneficial and very important for us because, in addition to the medical aspect that has always been developed by state and even international organizations, this workshop came to add the spiritual, moral and psychological aspect to the people infected and affected by this dangerous disease. The man is taken in its entirety”. He added, “Because the population of our communities is predominantly Christian at around 80%, the involvement of religious leaders in raising awareness about Ebola Virus Disease will have a positive impact as the message will reach a significant number of the population at lower cost given that churches are implanted in every corner.”

Speaking at the workshop opening, the Provincial Health Minister, Dr. Kakule Kanyere Moïse, said, “When we find a church that has clearly understood the role it must play for the benefit of our people to get the Ebola disaster kicked out, we can only applaud this action as a provincial government”.

Ebola in DRC
The current Ebola epidemic started in August 2018 and is the largest outbreak that DRC has experienced. To date there have been 3,243 cases of Ebola in 29 health zones in North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri provinces. Tragically 2,171 people have died from Ebola, but 1,071 have survived. With new treatments available more people could survive if they accessed treatment sooner.

However, there is fear, mistrust and resistance to Ebola surveillance and treatment procedures, particularly in rural communities. It is these issues that churches are keen to tackle. Respected within their communities, church leaders are well placed to listen to the concerns of the community, share accurate information about Ebola and treatment procedures, and help change attitudes.

A recent statement by religious leaders of the Eglise du Christ du Congo, the union of 64 Protestant churches, on the state of Ebola in DRC includes the following perspective: “As far as popular resistance is concerned, it is due to the lack of information, the unworthy behaviour of the actors in the response, the insufficient use of local human resources, the tendency to make the response a career, the delay in testing samples of cases far away from laboratories, unexplained selection of suspected cases and the politicization of response”.

During the week Archbishop Welby and workshop participants visited Ebola treatment centres to hear first-hand from patients and staff about their experiences and to see the effectiveness of the medical interventions.

In a radio interview, Archbishop Welby was asked about his impressions. He replied, “It is complicated, as a question. Firstly the tragedy of Ebola, sadness is the first impression, sadness for all those who suffer from this virus, and for their families. The dedication and courage of those caring for them, the doctors, the caregivers. And thirdly it is not a place of death, but a place of hope. I spoke with a boy of about twelve years, who is suspected to have the virus. He is waiting for a diagnosis. I said ‘Are you afraid?’ He said ‘No, I have strength’. This is typical of the atmosphere at this treatment centre, strength, hope, resurrection. People must not be afraid to go there the moment they feel sick, the moment they feel sick. As they will be respected, they will be helped by doctors, by psychologists, by everyone.”

The Archbishop of Canterbury also spoke of the importance of breaking the stigma of Ebola saying, “The next challenge is how those who have been sick are going to be accepted. They are no longer sick, they are safe and need to be loved. So love those who have been sick and their families, accept them, tell them that they are welcome. They are people that have been resurrected like Jesus”.

The training manual
“La foi en temps d’Ebola / Imani wakati wa Ebola” was developed by Professor Isaac Muyonga, Medical Director for the Baptist Community in the Centre of Africa (CBCA) and Bishop Michael Beasley, an epidemiologist and Bishop of Hertford in the Church of England. The resource enables church leaders to talk not only about the facts of the Ebola epidemic but also about the issues and beliefs that are stopping people engaging with the prevention and treatment interventions.

Over the last few months the manual has been trialled and reviewed by church leaders in DRC. It has now been revised in Swahili and translated into French. It will be shared freely for local printing and use.

The manual has also been reviewed by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, whose director, Peter Piot, is the microbiologist who helped discover the Ebola virus in 1976. The resource also builds on and is an addition to World Vision’s Channels of Hope material on faith-based responses to Ebola.

Drawing together as a Body of Christ
This initiative has seen the churches in DRC draw together as well as bringing in other resources from around the Anglican Communion and with other faith partners. The Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of Congo have also given personal leadership.

The Anglican Alliance has served to connect and equip the churches by sharing best practice. When the Ebola outbreak in DRC started last year, the Anglican Alliance got in touch with the local Anglican leadership to offer solidarity and support. Dr Janice Proud, the Anglican Alliance’s Disaster Response and Resilience Manager, was also able to share with them a report of the learning from the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, as well as practical learnings from the Anglican bishops there. The report, “Keeping the Faith”, written by Christian Aid, CAFOD, Tearfund and Islamic Relief, highlighted the role of faith communities in halting the Ebola outbreak in West Africa and alerted the Anglican Church in DRC to the important role it too could potentially play.

The Alliance was also able to raise some support from Episcopal Relief & Development to enable the Service Medicale of the Eglise Anglicane du Congo to share Ebola prevention messaging through the churches, clinics and health posts and schools in the affected and neighbouring dioceses. This included setting up hand washing stations at clinics, schools and churches in the main towns.
The initiative of developing the resource manual was one of Bishop Michael Beasley’s first activities after becoming the lead in relaunching the Anglican Health Network. The Archbishop of Canterbury’s team at Lambeth Palace and the Anglican Alliance also helped connect people for the trialling and revising of the resource manual.

Writing to the Anglican Alliance, Revd. Ngango, the Service Medicale Coordinator from Beni said, “We sincerely thank you for this good initiative to involve the Church in the fight against Ebola in our sub-region…. Once again, we reiterate our thanks for your love for people in difficult circumstances”.

Dr Janice Proud says, “We were glad to support the development of the Bible based Ebola resource and the training this week, ensuring that there was good ecumenical engagement. This was a key strength of the response in West Africa, all the denominations and faiths were speaking out together with the same message and doing so collaboratively.”

How important were faith communities in overcoming Ebola in West Africa?
“In West Africa, the role of faith communities was critical to overcoming the epidemic”, Janice Proud said. “Only when faith communities, which actually understand the culture, got involved was it turned around.”

Janice explained that this was because there were a lot of traditional practices, particularly around washing bodies, which were banned by the authorities under the strict medicalised approach to containing Ebola. They did not take into consideration the cultural importance of these practices. Bodies were also being buried in mass graves, without markers, causing further distress to grieving relatives. As a result, people were not reporting cases, covertly continuing traditional practices (including washing bodies) and burying their dead under cover of darkness, resulting in further spread of the virus.

However, when faith communities were brought into the conversation, they were able to work with health officials to develop safe and dignified burials, which respected local traditions, but which were medically safe. The figure shows the incidence of Ebola cases by month in Sierra Leone and Liberia and the date by which faith leaders were fully engaged in behaviour change (grey dotted line).

 

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